Biomonitoring makes it possible to characterize population exposure to multiple chemical substances and to generate data useful for assessing health risks and impacts. It is an essential tool for policymakers in defining and guiding public policies regarding the regulation of chemical use, whether in the general environment or in the workplace. To this end, the European Commission launched the HBM4EU research program for the period 2017–2021. One of the objectives is to develop biomonitoring in Europe and harmonize existing practices in order to make this tool fully operational across the continent. As the lead agency for the national biomonitoring program, Santé publique France is heavily involved in HBM4EU. The agency contributes to the development of common methods and benefits from a wealth of European expertise. The pooling of efforts in biomonitoring aims to produce results for scientific research and public health, as well as to develop regulations that protect the public from chemical substances.