In France, the majority of drug users are male. Among them, little is known about the profiles and behaviors of women. Between 2004 and 2007, the ANRS-Coquelicot survey, combining epidemiology and socio-anthropology, provided a description of drug users’ profiles and analyzed situations of risk regarding HIV and HCV, taking gender issues into account. The interviews show that women frequently experienced traumatic events during childhood and adolescence (violence). It is generally in this context that they are introduced to drugs through romantic relationships. Overall, they engage in more risky behaviors than men and resort to prostitution more often. Thus, these women’s life trajectories are even more chaotic than those of men. They face a dual vulnerability to HIV and HCV linked to the context of their drug use and their sexuality.