Introduction. As part of the 2005–2008 and 2011–2014 National Plans for Rare Diseases, the databases of the Center for Epidemiology on Medical Causes of Death (CépiDc) and hospital stays from the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) were explored separately to produce epidemiological indicators on sickle cell disease. Materials and Methods. The mortality analysis covers deaths among individuals residing and dying in metropolitan France and the French overseas departments (DOM) from 1981 to 2005. The analysis of hospitalizations covers the period 2004–2009. Results. The annual number of deaths has been steadily increasing, from an average of 13 per year in 1981–1985 to 40 per year in 2001–2005, with the Île-de-France region and the overseas departments accounting for 70% of all deaths. Over the 2004–2009 period, an average of 7,355 patients with sickle cell disease were hospitalized each year, with an average annual increase in the number of hospitalizations of 3.5%. Discussion and Conclusion. An increase in the number of deaths and hospitalizations related to sickle cell disease has been observed, although the extent to which this is due to an increase in the number of patients cannot be precisely assessed. Despite the limitations of these two databases, their use in the context of a rare disease appears promising. (R.A.)