Cancer surveillance for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15 to 24 is conducted by the general and specialized cancer registries of the Francim network and, since 2011, for those aged 15–17, by the two national pediatric registries. Over the 2000–2008 period, with 2,418 new cases recorded, the most frequently observed cancers among AJA were germ cell tumors, Hodgkin lymphomas, melanomas, and thyroid cancers. The age-standardized annual incidence rate was 254.1 per million, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1. The incidence remained stable over time. The five-year overall survival rate during the 2000–2004 period was 81.8%, with differences by sex (78.8% in men and 85.2% in women) and by age (78.5% in those aged 15–19 and 84.3% in those aged 20–24). It has steadily increased over the past 20 years. Studies on the care of young adults reveal significant heterogeneity and a lack of collaboration between adult oncologists and pediatric oncologists, justifying the creation of a multidisciplinary working group dedicated to cancers in this age group. (R.A.)