This report presents an analysis of the impact of socioeconomic status and country of origin on diabetes in France, based on a literature review and two general population surveys: the 2002–2003 Ten-Year Health Survey (EDS) and the 2002 and 2004 Health and Social Protection Surveys (ESPS). The prevalence of self-reported diabetes based on the 2002-2003 EDS (N=35,000) is estimated at 7.8% among people aged 45 and older. It is five to six times higher among obese individuals than among those of normal weight and twice as high among those with a low level of education than among those with a higher level, with a more pronounced impact among women than among men. The risk of developing diabetes is approximately twice as high among women of North African origin as among French women, at equivalent socioeconomic and obesity levels. Analysis of medical utilization data from the 2002 and 2004 ESPS surveys (N=480) confirms that recommendations for medical follow-up of diabetes are not well adhered to across the entire diabetic population. No significant association was found between socioeconomic status and the frequency of healthcare utilization, with the exception of less frequent dental visits among lower-income people with diabetes. Conversely, ophthalmological visits are more frequent among people with diabetes of foreign origin compared to those of French origin. This finding should lead to primary diabetes prevention initiatives specifically targeting disadvantaged populations as well as women of North African origin. Significant improvements in the quality of care are needed for everyone. Furthermore, monitoring of socioeconomic inequalities and those related to country of origin in the field of diabetes is essential in the context of a sharp rise in diabetes prevalence. (R.A.)