Childhood diabetes is a chronic condition with significant implications for the child, their family, and healthcare professionals. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising: estimated at 8 per 100,000 children under the age of 15 in 1988, it is now believed to be 15 per 100,000 children. Furthermore, the age at diagnosis is shifting toward increasingly younger ages. Yet very young children require highly specialized pediatric hospital care. Diabetic ketoacidosis is indicative of type 1 diabetes in half of all cases. It can lead to severe morbidity, or even death. Death is a rare but preventable event. Glycemic control in children with diabetes is inadequate and does not protect them from serious complications of diabetes. These complications emerge in adulthood but are closely linked to the imbalance of the preceding 10 to 20 years. Finally, the impact on families and the educational and social integration of children with diabetes are not well documented. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes, once considered a disease of middle-aged adults, is now emerging in pediatrics due to the rising prevalence of overweight and sedentary lifestyles. This emergence is concerning, as the management of type 2 diabetes is not standardized in pediatrics, and complications—including cardiovascular ones—appear at an early age. Projects to monitor diabetes in children are under consideration: - a regional registry with cohort follow-up in western France would help quantify the regional incidence of both types of diabetes as well as the frequency of initial ketoacidosis; - a study on the societal outcomes of children with diabetes who have reached adulthood is underway; - the Entred-Enfant and Entred-Ado cross-sectional studies will provide information on children’s health status, the nature and quality of their medical care, as well as the impact on their families and the educational and social integration of adolescents, regardless of their type of diabetes.