This report presents the main findings of the 2007–2010 Entred study among adults. It describes the health status and care of people with diabetes treated in mainland France and the French overseas departments, changes since the first Entred survey (2001–2003), as well as the cost of care and the quality of life of people with diabetes. In 2007, the diabetic population was older, with a lower socioeconomic status than the general population and a higher proportion of people born outside France (23%). Between 2001 and 2007, control of vascular risk factors among people with diabetes improved, particularly among those with type 2 diabetes, thanks to intensified use of blood-glucose-lowering and cardiovascular-targeted treatments. At the same time, there was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity regardless of the type of diabetes. The frequency of reported complications has increased despite improvements in the quality of care for people with diabetes. Significant progress remains to be made in this area. The 2007 study provided an initial overview of type 2 diabetes in the French overseas departments (DOMs), where the diabetic population is younger than in mainland France and consists of a higher proportion of women. Insulin treatment is more common there, vascular risk is high, and obesity is less frequent than in mainland France. The profile of complications differs, with a high prevalence of retinopathy in Réunion. Renal risk is better recognized in the French overseas departments, but diabetes monitoring remains inadequate there, as it is in mainland France. (R.A.)