Non-cholera vibrios (NCV) that are potentially pathogenic to humans include the non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups of the species Vibrio cholerae and 10 other species of the genus Vibrio (V. alginolyticus, V. carchariae, V. cincinnatiensis, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, V. hollisae, V. metschnikovii, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus). These Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria occur naturally in the marine environment, and their concentration increases with seawater temperature. They cause human infections that most commonly present as gastroenteritis, skin and mucosal infections, and septicemia. The clinical presentation of these infections is often linked to the presence of underlying medical conditions. People become infected through the consumption of seafood or through contact with the sea or its products, such as through a skin lesion. Ecological studies have demonstrated the presence of various species of non-cholera vibrios in French estuaries and along the coast, with an increase in concentration during the warm season. The objective of this study was to conduct a medical-epidemiological review of non-cholera vibriosis cases occurring in France from 1995 to 1998, based on cases identified by the National Reference Center for Vibrio and Cholera (CNR), in order to discuss the relevance of implementing more active surveillance of these infections.