An organized breast cancer screening program was established by the Directorate General of Health (DGS) in 1994. The results of the evaluation showed that participation in this program was insufficient. A study of the social factors involved in the non-participation of women aged 50 to 69 in organized breast cancer screening was recommended by the National Agency for Health Accreditation and Evaluation (Anaes) in 1997 [1] and implemented in 1998 by the DGS and the National League Against Cancer (LNCC), which commissioned the study to the association Research and Sociological Evaluations on Social Issues, Health, and Community Actions (RESSCOM).