Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in France. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge on recent trends in breast cancer incidence in France based on data from cancer registries. The incidence of in situ cancers increased significantly from 1990 to 2005 across all age groups, but particularly among women aged 50 to 74. This trend reversed after 2005. The incidence of invasive cancers rose slowly from 1990 to 1996 and then more sharply starting in 1996, primarily among women aged 50–74, before declining in 2004. Finally, cancers at an advanced stage at diagnosis decreased after reaching a peak incidence in the early 2000s. The observed trends in incidence likely reflect the combined effect of several factors (risk factors, screening, and diagnostic techniques). However, interpreting these descriptive data is complex and requires caution. (R.A.)