Cervical cancer accounts for 3,387 new cases and 1,000 deaths per year in France, corresponding to an average incidence of 8 per 100,000 person-years in 2000. It ranks seventh among cancers affecting women in terms of incidence and is the 12th leading cause of cancer-related death among women. It therefore remains a public health priority and is part of the cancer plan proposed by the Ministry of Health in 2004. Cervical cancer is preceded by precancerous lesions for 10 to 15 years. These lesions can be detected through Pap smears, and their treatment can prevent or reduce the risk of progression to invasive cancer. Cervical cancer screening in France is individualized, but clinical practice guidelines recommend performing a Pap smear every 3 years following two consecutive normal annual Pap smears for women aged 25 to 65. Population coverage in France is estimated at approximately 55%. No reliable epidemiological data on the incidence of precancerous lesions or cancers in the Île-de-France region is available. The objective of this study is to assess the number of new cases of cytological abnormalities in the Île-de-France region prior to the implementation of a national screening campaign. (R.A.)