Cancers are a group of diseases whose incidence, prognosis, and course vary widely. As part of a collaborative partnership for cancer surveillance, incidence and mortality indicators are produced regularly. The most recent study published covered the period from 1990 to 2018. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of the 19 most common cancers, as well as the incidence of all cancers in metropolitan France for the year 2023, and to update the analysis of trends since 1990, particularly for recent years. Projections were made using data from cancer registries covering the period from 1985 to 2018. In 2023, the number of new cancer cases, across all sites, is estimated at 433,136. The age-standardized incidence rates are 355 and 274 cases per 100,000 person-years for men and women, respectively. Since 1990, the incidence rate for “all cancers” among women has been rising steadily by +0.9% per year. Among men, this rate increased by an average of 0.3% per year from 1990 to 2023: after rising through 2005, the incidence rate declined and appears to have stabilized since 2012. Two cancers have seen changes in their recent trends: prostate cancer, with a new increase in incidence since 2015, and thyroid cancer, with a decrease in incidence since 2014. For these two cancers, incidence projections from 2019 to 2023 were uncertain and did not materialize. Across all cancers, these changes in incidence rates, combined with demographic trends, have led to a doubling of the number of new cancer cases since 1990 among both men and women.