Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is a major risk factor for cervical cancer. Secondary prevention, based on cytological screening, allows for the detection of precancerous lesions and thus enables intervention before cancer develops. The objective of this study is to document the costs of managing abnormal Pap smears and treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in France. Pap smears received over a seven-month period by the Pasteur-Cerba laboratory were analyzed; women with abnormal Pap smears were followed for six months. These data were combined with results from published studies on the total number of Pap smears to estimate the annual number of follow-up examinations performed and the number of CINs treated. An economic analysis was conducted. A total of 6,111,787 Pap smears were performed, of which 222,350 were abnormal (3.9%) and 63,616 were follow-up smears. In addition, 58,920 biopsies and 52,525 HPV tests were performed, and 39,775 CINs were diagnosed. The total annual cost of screening amounts to 335,685,593 euros, of which 196,535,629 euros are covered by health insurance. The cost of managing abnormal Pap smears accounts for approximately 6% of the total cost, and the cost of treating CINs accounts for approximately 8%. This study provides a good economic overview of the current situation regarding cervical cancer screening in France. (R.A.)