A literature review was conducted of studies published since January 2000 examining the relationship between occupational exposure in men and women and the occurrence of fertility abnormalities or reproductive system disorders. These studies report associations between occupational exposure to lead and cadmium in men and women and internal exposure levels previously considered to have no adverse effects. Regarding exposure to solvents and pesticides, the results suggest associations that should be further clarified in the future through analyses by chemical family, particularly regarding the increased time required to conceive. For other agents, studies are scarce and their results often divergent, making it difficult to draw conclusions. Regarding genital malformations, parental employment as farmers has been associated with an increased risk of hypospadias in a meta-analysis. An occupation-exposure matrix for substances suspected of being endocrine disruptors was applied in eight studies with divergent results. It is essential to improve knowledge regarding the impact of occupational exposures on fertility and reproductive tract abnormalities in the unborn child. The implementation of prospective studies with an objective assessment of occupational exposures using exposure biomarkers should be encouraged. (R.A.)