Introduction: The Asbestos Victims Compensation Fund (FIVA) was established in 2002 to supplement the occupational disease system and enable all asbestos victims—including self-employed artisans whose conditions are not recognized as occupational diseases—to obtain compensation. Objectives: The objective of the study was, using the ESPrI cohort (Epidemiology and Surveillance of Self-Employed Workers), to describe the number and profile of retired artisans who had filed a claim with FIVA and to analyze the factors associated with this recourse. Method: Data from the Fiva databases regarding the 7,521 retired artisans in the ESPrI cohort were extracted through individual matching. Sociodemographic, career, and asbestos exposure factors were examined. The relationship between these factors and claims to Fiva was analyzed using logistic regression among retirees with a condition potentially linked to asbestos. Results: Only 12% of retired craftsmen with a condition possibly linked to asbestos utilized the Fiva between 2002 and 2016. The retiree’s age, occupation, the sector of activity in which they worked the longest, and the region were not associated with utilization. However, after adjusting for age, sex, sector, and occupation, the perception of having been regularly exposed to asbestos increased the likelihood of filing a claim, and seeing a specialist during the initial consultation (versus a general practitioner) favored filing a claim with Fiva. Conclusion: These results highlight insufficient claims for compensation among retired tradespeople with conditions potentially linked to asbestos. They confirm the need to understand the reasons for this (lack of awareness or deliberate choice) and to identify potential levers to address it.