Introduction. The NutriNet-Santé cohort provides an online platform for studying the relationship between nutrition and health, as well as the determinants of dietary behavior. Materials and Methods. Alcohol consumption and its determinants were analyzed for 29,566 participants (6,828 men and 22,738 women) who completed six 24-hour dietary records (3 at baseline and 3 at one year). Results. Alcoholic beverages are consumed by 87% of men and 72% of women. The average alcohol intake is 17.6 g/day (men) and 8.4 g/day (women), derived primarily from wine. Alcohol consumption is higher among men, older individuals, smokers and former smokers, overweight men, those with higher energy intakes, and those with overall less healthy dietary patterns. It varies with socioeconomic status, primarily among women. For most diseases (particularly cancers), family and personal history are not associated with lower alcohol consumption. Discussion-conclusion. Prevention efforts targeting the general adult population and specific groups (such as people with a history of cancer) must be strengthened. Research into the barriers to changing risky behaviors in these populations is necessary. (R.A.)