Introduction – Challenges involving abstaining from alcohol for a few days or several weeks exist in many countries to encourage people to take a step back and reflect on their drinking habits. In France, a one-month alcohol-free challenge in January was launched by health organizations in 2020. The objective of this study is to measure awareness and participation levels in this challenge in 2020 and 2021, as well as the associated profiles in 2021. Method – The data used come from the Santé publique France Barometer, a telephone survey of a random sample of adults residing in metropolitan France. The module used is based on a subsample of 1,735 people in 2020 and 4,479 people in 2021. Results – In 2021, 53.0% of 18- to 75-year-olds had heard of a one-month alcohol-free challenge in January, and 4.5% reported having changed their alcohol consumption in connection with the challenge, with half of them indicating they had been completely abstinent for a month. No significant differences by gender were observed. Socioeconomic differences are nevertheless apparent: young people and those in less favorable socioeconomic situations were less aware of the challenge; high-risk drinkers participated more in the challenge; while older men (ages 55–75) were less likely to participate. While awareness of the challenge was higher in 2020 (62.8%), the proportion of participants remained stable between the two editions. Conclusion – Awareness and participation levels for the first two editions of the challenge were relatively high, despite the period marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. It nevertheless seems necessary to step up promotion of the challenge, particularly among certain population groups.