Stroke, a Disabling Condition

Strokes encompass a group of conditions characterized by the sudden onset of neurological deficits caused by vascular brain damage.

There are two main types of stroke:

• ischemic strokes or cerebral infarcts (80% of strokes) resulting from the blockage of a cerebral artery;

• hemorrhagic strokes (20% of strokes), caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel.

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are cerebrovascular events of ischemic origin characterized by the early and complete resolution of neurological deficits, as well as the absence of evidence of a cerebral infarction.
The consequences of a stroke can be significant and disabling. Indeed, strokes often result in severe sequelae, as the event can affect major neurological functions, such as motor skills (hemiplegia), sensation (numbness, pain), language (aphasia), vision, and attention. These impairments can lead to numerous difficulties in daily living activities or in returning to work.
Thus, strokes are a major cause of non-traumatic motor disability and a significant risk factor for dependency.

Prompt treatment upon the onset of symptoms can help reduce the risk of long-term effects and death. France currently has more than 135 neurovascular units across the country, specializing in the care of this condition.

Risk Factors to Screen For

Stroke prevention relies primarily on the screening and treatment of individual vascular risk factors (high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart rhythm disorders, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle). Environmental
factors such as air pollution have also been identified as stroke risk factors.