Introduction - Since 1999, a three-year cycle of school-based surveys has been conducted in France to estimate indicators used to monitor children’s health, including vaccination coverage. Methods - The survey was conducted in 2004–2005 among 11-year-old children enrolled in fifth grade. The sample was selected using a two-stage random sampling method (random selection of schools, followed by random selection of students within the selected schools). Results - The analysis included 6,144 children with a health record, with an average age of 10.9 years. Coverage is high for the tuberculosis vaccine (BCG: 98.1%), for tetanus, diphtheria, and polio, (DTP-Polio 5 doses: 90.6%), against pertussis (4 doses: 90.9%), and the first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (95.7%). It is insufficient for the second dose of MMR (74.2%) and low for hepatitis B (38.3%). The geographic area where the child attends school, the size of the urban area, the father’s occupation, and the child’s birth order influence coverage for certain vaccines. Discussion-Conclusion - BCG, DTP-Polio, and pertussis coverage rates are stable and satisfactory. MMR coverage (first dose) is high but administered too late. MMR coverage (second dose) has improved considerably but still needs to be improved. Hepatitis B coverage has improved since 2002 but remains very insufficient. (R.A.)