The social dimension of vaccination policy operates on two levels: first, through the collective nature of the intervention and the phenomenon of herd immunity resulting from the indirect protection provided by high vaccination coverage rates. Second, through the social determinants that can influence the levels of coverage achieved. Studies conducted in France confirm differences in coverage based on social characteristics, with the most disadvantaged social groups most often having lower vaccination rates for recommended vaccines. Factors related to geographic or financial accessibility may help explain this, but differences in the level of acceptance of vaccination appear to play a decisive role. Further studies would be needed to investigate the nature of the factors involved.