The current epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis in France calls for a reassessment of the appropriateness of the BCG vaccination policy. Indeed, it closely aligns with the criteria proposed at the international level for considering the discontinuation of routine vaccination of children. Data from the literature, particularly experiences from European countries, and analyses based on French data suggest that the practice of revaccinating tuberculin-negative individuals has an extremely limited impact. These same sources suggest that discontinuing all BCG vaccination activities would lead to an increase in tuberculosis incidence, particularly affecting populations most at risk for tuberculosis. The magnitude of this increase varies depending on the assumptions made regarding the protective efficacy of BCG. The French High Council for Public Health ruled in June 2002 in favor of discontinuing revaccination activities and routine tuberculin testing and is expected to issue a final opinion on this matter in November 2002. The decision regarding primary vaccination requires, as a prerequisite, the implementation of a benefit-risk analysis that takes into account the adverse effects of vaccination, as well as a consideration of the feasibility and acceptability of various approaches to potentially restricting the target population for BCG vaccination.