Until recently, France’s BCG vaccination policy was based on the initial vaccination of children—which was mandatory before they entered group settings—and the revaccination of children who tested negative for tuberculosis. A review of this policy has been underway in France for several years. It resulted in the elimination, in 2004, of all revaccinations as well as routine post-vaccination tuberculin tests performed outside the context of a tuberculosis diagnosis or the monitoring of healthcare and social services professionals subject to mandatory vaccination. Based on an assessment of the epidemiological impact that would result from, on the one hand, targeting vaccination at the children most at risk and, on the other hand, the total elimination of BCG vaccination, as well as on an evaluation of the benefit-risk balance of these two options, the French High Council for Public Health has come out in favor of the principle of targeted vaccination of children. However, it has made the strengthening of other tuberculosis control measures likely to impact the risk of transmission to children a prerequisite for implementing this strategy. This issue is further complicated by the discontinuation, in early 2006, of the multipuncture technique, which was used in France for more than 90% of primary BCG vaccinations. This issue is further complicated by the discontinuation, since early 2006, of the multipuncture technique, which was used in France for more than 90% of primary BCG vaccinations.