Introduction - This report presents the results of the Saturn-Inf survey, a national survey on the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning conducted in France in 2008–2009. The objectives of the study are: 1) to estimate the prevalence of lead poisoning (blood lead levels of 100 μg/dL or higher) among children aged 6 months to 6 years in France in 2008–2009; 2) to describe the levels of lead exposure among children in each region; and 3) to assess the contribution of risk factors to blood lead levels. Method - This cross-sectional survey, conducted in a hospital setting, included 3,831 children. The sampling design comprised two stages and first-stage stratification by administrative region and by risk of household lead exposure, estimated for each hospital’s catchment area. Blood lead levels were measured for each child. Family sociodemographic characteristics and sources of lead exposure were collected via questionnaire. A generalized linear model and quantile regression were used to quantify the association between blood lead levels and risk factors. Results - Among children aged 6 months to 6 years, the prevalence of lead poisoning is estimated at 0.09% (95% CI = [0.03–0.16]), representing 4,705 children across France. The geometric mean of blood lead levels is 14.9 μg/L (95% CI = [14.5–15.4]). Lead exposure among children shows slight regional variations. The identified risk factors include consumption of tap water, the presence of lead pipes in the home, peeling paint or renovation work in a home built before 1949, secondhand smoke, the child’s hand-to-mouth behavior, and the mother’s country of birth in a country with high lead use. Conclusion - Among children aged 1 to 6 years, the prevalence of lead poisoning decreased from 2.1% (95% CI = [1.6–2.6]) in 1995–1996 to 0.1% (95% CI = [0.03–0.16]) in 2008–2009. This decline reflects a sharp decrease in children’s exposure over the past 15 years in France, as has been observed in the United States and other European countries. (R.A.)