Access to emergency contraception (EC) has changed since it first became available. It is now available without a prescription and without restrictions at pharmacies and from many healthcare providers. This article aims to examine the level of EC use and the factors associated with it in mainland France in 2016, following these changes and the restructuring of the regular contraception landscape observed since 2012. In 2016, 6.2% of women aged 15–49 who were at risk of an unintended pregnancy had used EC in the past 12 months. The youngest women, those living in the Paris region, and those using hormonal contraceptive methods whose effectiveness depends on regular use (the pill, patch, or ring) were the ones who used this backup method the most. Indicators of sexual risk-taking, such as reporting a sexually transmitted infection, an unintended pregnancy, or recent multiple sexual partners, were also associated with more frequent use of EC. Finally, there is a link between EC use and knowledge and perceptions. Women with a good understanding of the time limits for taking it and those who perceived EC as effective reported using it more frequently. Despite easier access and significant changes in the contraceptive landscape, the use of EC has not increased in France. Similarly, the profile of women who used it in the 12 months preceding the survey has changed little. Promoting emergency contraception as a complement to regular contraception must be supported in a context where the number of unintended pregnancies and voluntary terminations of pregnancy remains stable.