The monitoring of antibiotic use and bacterial resistance to antibiotics in healthcare facilities, a task entrusted to the SPARES initiative since 2018, contributes to the national policy on controlling antibiotic resistance by promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics and preventing cross-transmission. Its objectives are to enable each HC to describe and analyze its consumption and bacterial resistance, at the department level, in comparison with a comparable group of HCs. Systemic antibiotics in class J01 of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, rifampicin, oral imidazoles, and fidaxomicin, dispensed during inpatient stays, were expressed in terms of defined daily doses (DDD) and reported according to national and World Health Organization recommendations (ATC-DDD system, 2020). Resistance rates were calculated by taking into account both "resistant" and "intermediate" strains. The 1,734 participating healthcare facilities (1,630 in 2018) in the antibiotic consumption surveillance program accounted for 79.5% of hospital days in France in 2019 and had consumed 285 DDD/1,000 hospital days (HD). The most commonly used antibiotics were the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (25%), amoxicillin (13%), and ceftriaxone (6%). Antibiotic consumption ranged from 40 DDD/1,000 HD in psychiatric hospitals to 539 in military hospitals. Variations were observed across specialties, ranging from 41 DDD/1,000 HD in psychiatry to 1,432 in infectious diseases. Since 2012, a significant number of healthcare facilities have participated annually in consumption surveillance (1,411 in 2012 and 1,734 in 2019). Among these facilities, an overall 9.6% decrease in antibiotic consumption was observed starting in 2016. The use of certain antibiotics has increased since 2012: carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, and the piperacillin-tazobactam combination. The use of fluoroquinolones has decreased, as has that of glycopeptides, in favor of new antibiotics targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The 991 healthcare facilities (441 in 2018) participating in the surveillance of bacterial antibiotic resistance accounted for 49% of hospital days in France in 2019. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 8.5% produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), with significant variations depending on the clinical specialty (ranging from 2.6% in gynecology and obstetrics to 16.3% in long-term care). The incidence rate per 1,000 patient-days was 0.53. Nearly two-thirds of the 29,077 ESBL-producing strains were isolated from urine samples. Among Staphylococcus aureus strains, the percentage resistant to methicillin was 14.9%. The incidence rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 0.17 per 1,000 patient-days. More than 40% of the 9,880 MRSA strains were isolated from patients hospitalized in medical wards. Data on emerging highly resistant bacterial infections were collected: among the 102 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains, 38.5% were isolated from urine samples, and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 37.8% of the 566 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains collected. Network-based surveillance using the ConsoRes tool allows each healthcare facility to analyze its situation, compare itself with others, exchange information on practices and organizational structures, and identify trends and areas for improvement. Controlling antibiotic resistance requires knowledge and analysis of antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance data. These data must be supplemented by monitoring indicators of prescription appropriateness