Introduction: The PRIMO initiative aims to monitor and prevent antibiotic resistance and healthcare-associated infections in community healthcare settings and the medical-social sector. The 2023 national data on antibiotic resistance in community settings and nursing homes focus on three bacterial species of interest (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus). Method: From January 1 to December 31, 2023, susceptibility test results for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus isolated from diagnostic specimens were collected from a network of 2,089 clinical laboratories (LBM) located across the 13 regions of mainland France, Réunion, French Guiana, and Guadeloupe. Antibiogram data for strains isolated from patients living at home or residing in long-term care facilities were included in the analysis. Screening samples and samples from healthcare facilities were excluded. The proportions of antibiotic resistance were calculated at the national and regional levels, particularly for third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (FQ), including a description of trends, a comparison between 3GC-susceptible and 3GC-resistant strains, and the proportions of pan-susceptible strains and strains resistant to one or more antibiotics (multidrug-resistant bacteria). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance. Results: In 2023, 963,059 antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted on Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from urine samples (of which 83.6% were E. coli and 11.2% were K. pneumoniae). Among patients living at home, 3.8% of the isolated E. coli strains were resistant to C3G and 3.4% produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Among nursing home residents, resistance to C3G was observed in 9.3% of E. coli strains, and 8.6% were ESBL-producing. Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) in E. coli was 13.5% for strains isolated from home-dwelling patients and 19.2% for those isolated from nursing home residents. In K. pneumoniae, ESBL production was observed in 7.7% of strains isolated from home-dwelling patients and 19.0% of those isolated from nursing home residents, while 12.1% of strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones in home-dwelling patients and 23.4% in nursing home residents. Among home-based patients, 268 strains of E. coli and 136 strains of K. pneumoniae produced a carbapenemase, and in nursing homes, 12 strains of E. coli and 10 strains of K. pneumoniae. For S. aureus, 38,716 susceptibility test results were reported (excluding urine samples), with 5.6% of methicillin-resistant strains isolated from patients living at home and 35.4% from nursing home residents. Conclusion: In 2023, the percentage of urinary E. coli strains producing ESBL was at its highest since 2017 (3.4%) in outpatient care and had also increased in nursing homes. Fluoroquinolone resistance increased in both outpatient care and nursing homes. Although the number of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from diagnostic specimens remained low in 2023, their increase warrants monitoring. Both fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin maintained good efficacy against E. coli strains in both settings.