The PRIMO surveillance program, which relies on a voluntary network representing 44.6% of private laboratories, provides insights into the bacterial ecology in private practice and nursing homes.In 2024, national surveillance of antibiotic resistance in community settings and the medical-social sector relied on a network of 2,015 community clinical laboratories (2,089 in 2023) covering the 13 regions of mainland France and Réunion. The data presented for nursing homes combine data from PRIMO (independent nursing homes) and SPARES (nursing homes affiliated with a healthcare facility).In 2024, antibiotic resistance rates were higher in nursing homes than in community settings, regardless of the indicator, but they evolved differently. An increase in the proportion of C3G-resistant urinary E. coli strains was observed for the third consecutive year among community patients, but a decrease in this resistance was seen in nursing homes. The proportion of urinary E. coli strains resistant to fluoroquinolones decreased in both sectors, thereby achieving the target set in the national strategy for nursing homes to fall below the defined threshold of 18% by 2025. The two indicators in community settings and nursing homes regarding the proportion of urine samples carrying carbapenemases for the combined species E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae also met the defined targets, but they were on the rise. Multiple factors involving exposure to healthcare (hospitalization, antibiotic use, etc.) or associated with social or environmental determinants are likely to explain the variability in the observed epidemiological trends.