The frequency of Campylobacter infections in humans, their potential severity, and the availability of preventive measures justify surveillance. In France, a surveillance system for Campylobacter infections was established in April 2002, based on community laboratories (LABM), to complement the existing network of hospital laboratories (LH) that has been in place since 1986. Between January 11, 2001 (for LH), April 1, 2002, for LABM, and December 31, 2003, the National Campylobacter Reference Center analyzed 3,698 strains. The overall isolation rate of 3.4 per 100,000 was significantly underestimated: it was 14 per 100,000 for children under 5 years of age. C. jejuni accounted for 76.9% of the strains, followed by C. coli (17.0%) and C. fetus (5.4%). The resistance rate to ampicillin was 41% and to nalidixic acid 28%. Surveillance efforts must continue in order to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of Campylobacter infections in France and to estimate incidence rates in the general population. (R.A.)