In the late 1980s, Europe saw a halt in the steady decline in tuberculosis incidence. In Western Europe, this trend was linked to increased migration from countries with high endemicity and, to a lesser extent, to the AIDS epidemic. In this context, a European tuberculosis surveillance network (EuroTB) was established in 1996. This network, whose objective is to improve the contribution of surveillance to tuberculosis control, is funded by the European Commission and coordinated by the InVS in partnership with the KNCV (the Dutch tuberculosis control association). It comprises the national surveillance institutions of the 51 countries in the World Health Organization’s European Region, of which EuroTB is a collaborating center. EuroTB’s main activity consists of the annual collection, validation, analysis, and publication of standardized data on reported tuberculosis cases and resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. All 51 countries in the WHO European Region provided data on reported cases in 1999, and 22 of them provided individual data. In 1999, 381,975 cases of tuberculosis were reported in the WHO European Region, with significant differences in reporting rates. (adapted from the text)