A multidisciplinary surveillance system (human, equine, avian, and entomological) for West Nile virus (WNV) was established in 2001 in mainland France, with the primary objective of detecting the circulation of WNV at an early stage. The human component consists of ongoing national surveillance and seasonal surveillance focused on the Mediterranean region. Seasonal surveillance relies on the identification of suspected cases of neuroinvasive WNV infections by hospital laboratories, the submission of their biological samples to the National Reference Center (NRC) for Arboviruses, and their reporting to regional health agencies (RHAs). Between 2001 and 2016, 8 human cases of WNV infection were identified in France but were not detected by this seasonal surveillance. An evaluation of this system was therefore conducted to determine whether it meets its objectives. The multidisciplinary surveillance system and the epidemiological situation of WNV infections in France were described. Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and partners in the surveillance system were conducted to assess the usefulness, simplicity, and acceptability of seasonal surveillance. The responsiveness of seasonal surveillance was measured by the time interval between the date of case reporting and the onset of symptoms, with data quality assessed by the percentage of missing data among reports from 2013 to 2016. Data collected by the surveillance system were compared with data from the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) and the National Reference Center for Arboviruses (CNR) to measure the sensitivity and representativeness of seasonal surveillance. The results show low participation in seasonal surveillance, resulting in low sensitivity and representativeness of the system. Approximately 45% of reports met the reporting deadline established by the system, and 46% included all the information needed to define a case. Finally, the system is considered complex and time-consuming, with the reporting of suspected cases of neuroinvasive infections perceived as of little use for surveillance. While stakeholders agree that it is important to maintain a surveillance system for this disease, it must be revised due to its shortcomings. Several proposals have been made (streamlining the system, raising awareness among partners, ensuring consistency with other systems, etc.). Nevertheless, human surveillance is only one component of the multidisciplinary surveillance of VWN circulation, and it is important that the evaluation of the human component be integrated into an analysis of the system as a whole, taking into account the epidemiological trends observed in France in 2018.