The main objectives of the NutriMay study, conducted in 2006, were to describe dietary intake, physical activity, and nutritional status among the population, particularly young children (<5 years) and women of childbearing age. After randomly selecting households, sociodemographic data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Dietary intakes were estimated using two 24-hour recall surveys. Weight, height, and blood pressure were measured, and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The diet is characterized by low intakes of dairy products, calcium, fruits and vegetables, and thiamine, reflecting a diet lacking in variety. Among women, physical activity levels are low (55% have low levels), and the prevalence of obesity (BMI = 30.0) is high (women: 32%, men: 8%). One-quarter of adults have high blood pressure. Among children, cases of undernutrition persist: 7% of children are underweight (weight-for-height) and 6% have stunted growth (height-for-age). Mayotte is facing a demographic and nutritional transition: obesity in women coexists with undernutrition in children, often within the same households. The aging population is expected to increase the prevalence of obesity-related diseases (high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases). These findings highlight the need for public health measures to improve food availability and better prevent, monitor, and screen for obesity and malnutrition. (R.A.)