Introduction - The first estimate of diabetes prevalence in Mayotte, reported by the Maydia study in 2008, stood at 10.5% of adults aged 30 to 69, with more than one in two people unaware of their diabetes status. The 2019 Unono Wa Maore study aims to describe the health status of the population of Mayotte, including diabetes. The objectives of our study are to estimate the prevalence of known and undiagnosed diabetes, as well as prediabetes, and to describe the characteristics of the diabetic population in Mayotte. Methods - A random sample, based on a three-stage sampling design (address/household/individual), enabled the collection of individual data via a face-to-face questionnaire, coupled with a health examination during which venous blood samples were collected, including a measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Diabetic status was defined by a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes or an HbA1c measurement of ≥6.5%. Prediabetic status was defined by the absence of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and an HbA1c measurement in the range [6%–6.5%]. The estimates were weighted to account for the sampling design and to correct for bias due to nonresponse, which is particularly linked to socioeconomic status. Results - The prevalence of diabetes in the population aged 18 to 69 years was 12.1% with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI): [10.6–13.6], with a prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes of 4.7% [3.8–5.7]; 12.1% [10.6–13.6] had prediabetes. The prevalence of diabetes was higher among women (13.3% [11.3–15.2], compared with 10.6% [8.4–12.9] among men). A higher proportion of women was observed among those with known diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, or prediabetes, at 61%, 59%, and 55%, respectively. Regardless of the stage of hyperglycemia, these individuals very frequently had associated obesity (50%, 70%, and 46%, respectively) as well as associated hypertension (69%, 42%, and 51%). Conclusion - More than ten years after the first survey of the Mayotte population, our study again reports a very high prevalence of diabetes, particularly among women. Our results underscore the urgency of implementing primary and secondary prevention measures to combat this burden.