In the Gard department, the Carnoulès and Croix-de-Pallières sites were home to significant metal ore mining activity until the last century. Environmental studies have revealed exceptionally high levels of lead and arsenic at both sites, as well as high levels of cadmium at the Croix-de-Pallières site. To better understand the sources and modes of exposure for residents living near these former mining sites, Santé publique France conducted a bioaccumulation study and relied on a multidisciplinary external advisory committee to help translate the results into management proposals. The objectives of this study were to measure residents’ exposure, identify the determinants of exposure, and formulate proposals tailored to the local context to reduce exposure. A cross-sectional study of biological exposure was conducted in the general population, based on: biological samples for biomarker analysis (blood lead levels, urinary arsenic and cadmium); questionnaires on dietary behaviors and habits; environmental measurements in the soil of participants’ gardens and household dust. Inclusion was voluntary, and risk factors associated with lead, arsenic, and cadmium exposure were quantified using a generalized linear model. The overall participation rate was 23.5% (651/2774). Nearly a quarter of participants had elevated arsenic exposure compared to data from the general population, and 12% had elevated cadmium exposure. Lead exposure levels were not different from those observed in the French population. No cases of childhood lead poisoning were identified. In addition to the classic determinants typically described in the literature (age, sex, alcohol and tobacco use), exposure levels were influenced by pollutant concentrations in the soil and the consumption of certain local products (eggs, poultry, rabbits, game, mushrooms). Dust concentrations were not correlated with participants’ exposure levels; however, the frequency of wet mopping—a proxy for dust concentrations—was found to be associated with reduced exposure to lead and arsenic. The support committee sought to complement this approach by meeting with various stakeholders (elected officials, local authorities, community organizations, and residents’ representatives). These discussions helped better identify the challenges and expectations of local residents and tailor the proposals to reflect on-the-ground realities. Three categories of proposals emerged from this work: proposals aimed at reducing exposure—through collective management of contamination sources, changes in individual behavior (regarding dust in homes and food), and supporting individuals through a specific program; methodological proposals: prioritizing multicenter studies, involving stakeholders early on, adapting the sampling plan, and improving knowledge; organizational proposals: involving health authorities and health and social service professionals, better coordinating environmental and health investigations conducted at contaminated sites and on polluted soils, and ensuring clear and transparent communication.