Highlights from the Midi-Pyrénées Regional Health Agency - Enterovirus Infections

Every year, an increase in diagnoses of enterovirus infections is observed in the summer (most often in June) and fall. These infections are common, especially among children under 15 years of age. The virus is transmitted through person-to-person contact via viruses excreted in feces. Several different serotypes can be found, the main ones being echoviruses and coxsackieviruses. For the vast majority of infected individuals, the course of the disease is entirely benign, except in newborns, particularly if premature, where complications may arise.

The infection may be asymptomatic in many cases. When symptomatic, the observed manifestations may include mild respiratory syndromes or gastrointestinal syndromes such as diarrhea or vomiting (primarily associated with echoviruses). Cerebrospinal symptoms may appear, including viral meningitis that does not require treatment and resolves rapidly with complete recovery and no sequelae. Although these infections are generally mild with rapid and complete recovery, it is nevertheless necessary to consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis.

In the event of a potential cluster of cases, the diagnosis can be confirmed through laboratory testing in a few cases by performing viral testing on specimens (stool and throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of viral meningitis). It is imperative to reinforce family and/or community hygiene practices (particularly handwashing) among those in close contact with patients to limit the transmission of the virus.