In late 1999, four cases of cancer were reported among children attending the Franklin Roosevelt preschool in Vincennes, built on a former Kodak industrial site. Three cases were confirmed: two cases of leukemia and one case of rhabdomyosarcoma, diagnosed between March 1995 and May 1999. In May 2000, following an epidemiological assessment by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) and three rounds of environmental testing conducted at the school, the DDASS published a report on this cluster of pediatric cancer cases. The report’s conclusions, approved by a National Committee of Experts comprising epidemiologists from the InVS, an oncologist, a toxicologist, and researchers from Inserm, were as follows: "The information collected on the quality of the school environment and the epidemiology of the observed diseases does not support a suspected link between attending the school and the occurrence of cancer cases. It therefore does not appear justified to continue epidemiological and environmental investigations." A year later, a new case of cancer (a parotid space sarcoma), diagnosed in February 2001, was reported in a child who had attended the school for six months. The Directorate General of Health (DGS) asked the InVS to summarize the epidemiological data regarding the type of cancer in question and to provide its opinion on the relevance of resuming epidemiological and environmental investigations. To address these questions and provide insights into the plausibility of a geographical cluster of these pediatric cancer cases occurring solely by chance, in April 2001 the InVS conducted a literature review of epidemiological data concerning parotid sarcomas and, more broadly, soft tissue sarcomas. The InVS reviews the key methodological principles underlying the cluster investigation approach recommended by North American authorities and calculates the probability of observing such a cluster of cases in a French school due solely to chance. Based on the cluster investigation approach, the InVS does not recommend any additional epidemiological investigation or surveillance. Despite these findings, public concern remains high, particularly since a new case of cancer was also reported in a child (who has since died) who did not attend the school but lived near the former Kodak industrial site. Strong calls for further investigations, both epidemiological and environmental, have been made by the Collectif Vigilance Franklin, an association of parents and local residents.