Along with incidence, mortality, and prevalence, survival is a key indicator for the epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of cancers; it is essential for evaluating the healthcare system as a whole and measuring the impact of public policies on prevention, screening, and care. This is the first survival study conducted using registry data for the three overseas departments and regions (DROM) of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion. This work aligns with the objectives of the 2014–2019 Cancer Plan and the 2021–2030 Ten-Year Strategy for the Fight Against Cancer, particularly the focus on combating cancers with poor prognoses. These results, presented in separate publications for each department, provide estimates of 1- and 5-year survival following a cancer diagnosis for ten cancer sites and compare these estimates with those for mainland France published between September 2020 and July 2021. The key elements of the methodology used are detailed in a separate document. The decision was made to comment on the results for each cancer site and then provide points of comparison with mainland France to better understand the specific characteristics observed in the territory. More than 1,500 new cases of invasive cancer are recorded each year in Martinique. World-standardized incidence rates place Martinique among the regions of France with the lowest cancer incidence rates, along with Guadeloupe and French Guiana. However, in Martinique, the distribution of cancers differs significantly from that of mainland France, with marked disparities for certain cancer sites. Higher incidence rates than in mainland France are found for prostate, stomach, and cervical cancers, and to a lesser extent for multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. In Guadeloupe and Martinique, social inequalities in incidence have been identified for certain cancer sites. The survival studies presented here will provide essential additional data for adapting the measures of the 2021–2030 ten-year cancer control strategy in these territories. In Martinique, the standardized net survival rate for cancers is generally lower than that of mainland France, but the results show significant disparities among the ten cancer sites studied. A total of 10 cancer sites were studied and are presented in this report: lip, mouth, and pharynx; esophagus; stomach; colon and rectum; lung; prostate; breast; and uterine body and cervix for solid tumors; multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma for hematologic tumors. These sites are presented for the period between 2008 and 2015. Four key differences compared to mainland France should be noted: the age-standardized survival rate is slightly but significantly higher in Martinique for prostate cancer, meaning survival in Martinique for this site is more favorable compared to mainland France; in Martinique, the standard net survival rates (SNS) for both men and women show no significant differences from mainland France for the following sites: lip-mouth-pharynx, stomach, lung, cervix, multiple myeloma, and plasmacytoma. Survival rates are therefore equivalent to those in mainland France; standardized net survival rates for both men and women are lower than those in mainland France for the following sites: breast, colon-rectum, and uterine body. Finally, in Martinique and Guadeloupe, the standardized net survival rates for both men and women are significantly lower than those in mainland France for esophageal cancer. The situation is therefore less favorable than in mainland France for this site.