Entred3 in Metropolitan France

Of the 9,072 individuals randomly selected from the Health Insurance databases (general scheme and social security for the self-employed) to participate in the Entred 3 study in mainland France, 8,728 were included in the study population; 8,138 (93.2%) participated in the passive cohort follow-up, and 3,166 (36.3%) responded to a questionnaire.

Among them:

• 2,714 were identified as having T2D, with a mean age of 67.6 years (+2 years compared to 2007), 55.3% were men (stable compared to 2007), with a median duration of diabetes of 10.7 years.

• 412 individuals were identified as having T1D, with a mean age of 47 years; 57% were men, and 55.6% had had diabetes for more than 20 years.

The socioeconomic status of people with T1D was more favorable than that of people with T2D.

Risk factors for complications were common among people with T2D (overweight/obesity (80.1%), treated hypertension (77.6%), treated dyslipidemia (63.8%), smoking (13.4%), and high or heavy alcohol consumption (7%)). These risk factors were also common among people with T1D, particularly overweight/obesity (49.9%), alcohol consumption (11.3%), and smoking (25.3%).

Macrovascular complications were more frequently self-reported among people with T2D: coronary complications (18.6%), stroke (7.8%). These proportions were 11.5% and 3.3%, respectively, for people with T1D. Microvascular
complications were more frequently reported by people with T1D: vision loss in one eye (3.7%), active or previous plantar neuropathy (12.9%). These proportions were 3.2% and 6.7%, respectively, among people with T2D.

Entred3 in the French overseas departments and regions

Among the 3,700 people randomly selected from the health insurance databases (general scheme and social security for the self-employed) to participate in the Entred 3 study in the French overseas departments and regions (Réunion, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana), 94.7% participated in the passive cohort follow-up, and 2,352 responded to a questionnaire (613 in Réunion, 73%; 698 in Martinique, 70%; 521 in Guadeloupe, 52%; and 520 in French Guiana, 62%).

Among these individuals, 498 in Guadeloupe, 682 in Martinique, 504 in French Guiana, 586 in Réunion, and 2,714 in mainland France had type 2 diabetes. A higher prevalence among women was observed in the Overseas Departments and Regions (DROM) compared to mainland France. Residents of French Guiana and Réunion were younger (61 and 63 years old on average) compared to the Antilles and mainland France (67 and 68 years old). The age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was also approximately 5 years younger in these two territories. Socioeconomic status was lower in the DROMs, and the proportion of people born abroad was highest in French Guiana (53%). The average body mass index was lower in Réunion (27.7 kg/m²), French Guiana, and Guadeloupe (28.4 kg/m²) than in Martinique (29.3 kg/m²) and mainland France (29.5 kg/m²). Alcohol and tobacco use was less common in the DROMs compared to mainland France, with the exception of higher smoking rates in Réunion (14%). The average HbA1c level was higher in the DROMs compared to mainland France (7.4%, 7.5%, 8.0%, and 7.7% in Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion, respectively, vs. 7.2%). The prevalence of chronic complications was higher in Réunion, regardless of the specific complication. Only the prevalence of foot and kidney complications did not vary significantly across the territories.

When considered within their cultural, social, and health contexts, these results will help policymakers adapt public policies regarding prevention, support, and care for people with type 2 diabetes in the overseas territories.