In France, since 2017, Nutri-Score has been the nutritional labeling system endorsed by the government. This logo is based on a 5-color scale (from dark green to dark orange), combined with letters ranging from A for products of “highest nutritional quality” to E for products of “lowest nutritional quality.” Displayed on the front of food packaging, its objective is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to better inform consumers about the nutritional quality of the products they buy, enabling them to make informed health choices; on the other hand, it aims to encourage manufacturers to improve the nutritional quality of their products. In addition to the intended effect on the food supply, another likely effect of implementing Nutri-Score is an impact on product prices, regardless of whether a Nutri-Score is displayed or not. Indeed, Nutri-Score provides consumers with additional information about product quality that food companies may choose to highlight or offset. Thus, a negative signal—namely a Nutri-Score of D or E, or even the absence of a Nutri-Score—could be offset by a price reduction, whereas a positive signal, such as a Nutri-Score of A or B, could result in a price increase. Furthermore, potential reformulation efforts encouraged by the widespread adoption of Nutri-Score could lead to an increase in the product’s manufacturing costs (for example, due to higher costs associated with changing production processes and raw materials) and thus affect prices. Thus, it is possible that products with a higher Nutri-Score might be, on average, more expensive, while those with a lower Nutri-Score might be cheaper, compared to products of equivalent quality without a Nutri-Score. This perception was also reported by consumers in a previous qualitative study conducted by Santé publique France (Ducrot, 2024). However, to our knowledge, no study to date has assessed the link between Nutri-Score and product price. The objective of this study is to examine whether there is a relationship between Nutri-Score and product prices within the French market. Our hypothesis, based both on consumer perceptions and on the operators’ strategies described above, is that operators price products with a higher Nutri-Score (indicating better nutritional quality) at a higher price, or conversely, price products with a lower Nutri-Score (indicating poorer nutritional quality) at a lower price. Thus, on average, products rated A or B would be sold at a higher price than those rated D or E, or than those without a Nutri-Score. Given the potential impact of these price differences on social health inequalities, this study aims to provide insights into the validity of this hypothesis and to determine whether it holds true for certain product categories.