Introduction - With the lockdown measures implemented to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the work routines of most French people have undergone significant changes, including work interruptions and a widespread shift to remote work. The objective here is to assess the effects of these changes in work organization, resulting from the lockdown, on the onset and progression of low back pain. Materials and Methods - During three waves of the CoviPrev survey conducted online (BVA panel) among the general population between June 8 and July 8, 2020, employed individuals (n=3,224) were retrospectively surveyed about their work situation during lockdown and their lower back symptoms (stiffness, pain, discomfort), before and after the lockdown. Results - The incidence rate of low back pain among workers who were free of symptoms before the lockdown (n=2,113) was 10.4% (95% CI: 9.1–10.7). Work arrangements during lockdown were associated with the onset of low back pain, with a significantly increased risk among those who had recently started working from home, and among those who had continued to work outside the home at a more intense pace than usual (vs. those who had continued to work outside the home at their usual pace; odds ratios of 2.81 [1.77–4.46] and 2.76 [1.50–5.09], respectively). Work arrangements during lockdown were also significantly associated with changes in low back pain symptoms among workers who experienced such pain prior to lockdown (n=1,111, 34.3% [32.7–36.0]), with an increased risk of worsening for those working outside the home at a more intense pace (odds ratio 3.39 [1.38–8.31]) and a higher likelihood of improvement for workers who usually teleworked (odds ratio 1.86 [1.00–3.43]). Conclusion - As the COVID-19 pandemic is once again on the rise, measures could be proposed to workers to prevent a further increase in the burden of low back pain and its consequences.