Objective: The career trajectory of people with asthma is often unfavorable, with asthma frequently affecting socioeconomic status (reduced income and/or job loss). The objective of this study was to examine the socio-professional trajectory of people with asthma using data from the Health and Career Trajectory Survey. Methods: In 2006, 13,648 individuals aged 20 to 74 living in mainland France in ordinary households participated in the survey. In 2010, they were contacted again, and 11,220 individuals were re-interviewed. The present analysis focused on the 11,068 individuals who participated in both waves of the survey and had a work history. Asthma at different stages of life was identified based on the individuals’ self-reports. Work and medical histories were collected. Results: Among women, after adjusting for age, the probability of having asthma was higher among those who had experienced at least one period of unemployment during their career, had periods of unemployment lasting more than one year, and had a shorter duration of employment, and was lower among those with the highest incomes. Between 2006 and 2010, women with asthma experienced periods of unemployment and sick leave more frequently than those without asthma. No statistically significant differences were observed among men. Conclusions: These results suggest that women with asthma, compared to those without asthma, experience more unstable career trajectories and have lower incomes, a pattern not observed among men. The Coset and Constances cohorts should allow for a more detailed study of the impact of asthma on workers’ professional careers.