Introduction - Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in France. Early recognition of MI symptoms and calling the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are essential for optimal care and for reducing the morbidity associated with this condition. The objective of this study was to assess the French general population’s knowledge of MI symptoms and their intended actions in the event of symptoms of a heart attack or stroke. Methods - This study is based on data from the 2019 Santé publique France Health Barometer. In this article, the analyses focused on 5,074 individuals, aged 18 to 85, residing in metropolitan France, who answered questions about cardiovascular diseases. The data were adjusted and the analyses weighted to be representative of the French population. Knowledge of MI symptoms and planned behavior in the event of a “heart attack or stroke” were assessed. The determinants of a lack of awareness of “chest pain radiating to the left arm and up to the jaw” as a symptom of MI and of not calling emergency services were analyzed. Results - In 2019, 46% of the population feared MI. Knowledge of MI symptoms varied: 94% of the population identified chest pain radiating to the left arm and up to the jaw as a symptom of MI; 80% for shortness of breath on exertion, 70% for palpitations, 68% for persistent severe fatigue, 49% for persistent pain in the back or shoulder, and 38% for nausea, pain, and digestive problems. In addition, 36% of the population stated that the symptoms of a heart attack could differ between men and women. When faced with symptoms of a heart attack or stroke, 58% of the population stated they would call 911, 32% would call the fire department, 9% would go to the emergency room on their own, and 2% would call their primary care physician. Awareness of chest pain radiating to the left arm and up to the jaw, as well as the need to call 911, was less common among men, people under 45 years of age, those with less than a high school diploma, those who had not received first aid training, and those who did not feel at risk for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion - This study supports the continuation of public health and information initiatives regarding AMI as well as emergency response protocols. The differences identified suggest that the less specific symptoms of a heart attack are less well known and that certain population groups—particularly young men and people with less than a high school diploma who feel less at risk for cardiovascular disease—are less well informed about heart attacks and what to do in the event of a heart attack or stroke.