Introduction to Travel-Related Illnesses Travelers, regardless of their destination and travel conditions, frequently experience health problems. The rate of travelers who fall ill ranges from 15% to 64% depending on the study, based on destination and travel conditions. Diarrhea remains the most common health problem encountered while traveling, along with upper respiratory tract infections, skin conditions, and fever. The most recent studies also show the emergence of new conditions: altitude sickness, motion sickness, and trauma and injuries—both accidental and intentional. The risk of death per month of travel has been estimated at 1 in 100,000 (1 in 10,000 for those involved in humanitarian operations). In about half of all cases, the causes of death while traveling are cardiovascular. The other causes of death, more directly related to travel, are divided among traffic accidents, drowning, homicides, and suicides. Infections account for only 1 to 3% of deaths. The causes of medical repatriation are similar to those of travel-related mortality: traumatic (accidents, recreational activities, assaults), vascular (cardiac and neurological), and psychiatric. While infectious causes of death or serious illnesses requiring medical evacuation are rare, this is largely because the following recommendations help prevent them. These recommendations were developed by the Committee on Travel-Related and Imported Diseases (CMVI) and approved by the High Council for Public Health (HCSP) during the April 15, 2011, meeting of the Specialized Commission on Communicable Diseases. They take into account data from the National Reference Center (CNR) for Malaria, the CNR for Arboviruses, the recommendations of the HCSP’s Technical Committee on Vaccinations, the International Department of the Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), and, for vaccines and medications, the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (Afssaps). The recommendations contained in this document cannot account for changes in risks associated with emerging diseases. Recommendations for travelers are therefore subject to change depending on developments in the international situation.