The first imported case of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) was reported in France in November 2004. In the medical intensive care unit, the patient was isolated in a single room without negative pressure. Standard precautions were observed, along with the use of standard masks, but there were no restrictions on visits or additional precautions regarding blood draws. However, were the isolation measures sufficient? The risk, not considered in this case, is that of FHV transmission via respiratory droplets, particularly in cases of advanced infection. No human cases of infection via this mode of transmission have been documented during the numerous epidemics studied since the Lassa outbreak, which occurred in a hospital in Nigeria in 1970. In France, the system for alerting and providing medical care for confirmed or suspected cases of FHV is based on the new mandatory reporting system and a report by the French High Committee for Public Health (HCSPF) published in 2001. The clinical signs of HFV are variable and nonspecific in the early stages, and a large number of HFV cases may be asymptomatic. In practice, strict adherence to the measures recommended by the HCSPF report in all cases where FHV is a possible diagnosis is difficult to implement in an emergency department or in infectious disease clinics, which are overburdened and see thousands of patients who may fit these clinical descriptions. The virulence of the pathogens responsible for FHV leaves little room for error, and taking into account experimental data on airborne transmission in primates for the prevention of human-to-human transmission is a common-sense measure. However, the cumbersome nature of the procedures makes them impractical in most cases where FHV is among the suspected diagnoses. The accumulation over the past decade of data on imported FHVs and the comparison of recommendations with the first reported case of imported FHV justify updating the HCSPF report—as had, in fact, been quite rightly anticipated. Clinicians would benefit from clear and realistic recommendations for managing suspected or confirmed cases of FHV, as exist in other European countries.