Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) constitute a highly heterogeneous group of diseases. Over the past 10 years, VHF surveillance has improved, but further progress is needed by strengthening collaboration with animal health surveillance programs and refining predictive models based on meteorological data. The WHO Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) provides a framework for rapid and effective responses during VHF outbreaks of international significance. The preparedness of local teams remains a key factor in the success of control activities. Controlling FHV outbreaks requires not only epidemiological and medical expertise but also adherence to control measures by the affected populations. This acceptance of control measures, an essential component of control operations, is the result of intense social mobilization based on a technique called COMBI, which focuses on behavioral change at the individual and community levels. It also involves taking local socio-anthropological realities into account. The lack of effective treatments or vaccines for filoviruses severely limits control operations. The imminent arrival of post-exposure vaccines and new therapeutic options could be a game-changer and improve the perception of the medical profession in parts of the world where modern medicine is often absent. (R.A.)