Visuel du virus de la variole du singe - Monkeypox

Monkeypox Cases: Update as of June 30, 2022

Update as of June 30, 2022, following reports of monkeypox cases in France and around the world.

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Cases of monkeypox with no direct link to travel in Central or West Africa or to travelers returning from those regions have been reported in Europe and around the world; suspected cases are currently being evaluated in many countries, and the situation is therefore evolving very rapidly. In France, infections with this virus are subject to ongoing surveillance through the mandatory reporting system. Given the current alerts, surveillance of these infections has been stepped up by Santé publique France, and information and alert messages are being sent to healthcare professionals.

Monkeypox Cases: Update on the Situation in France

As of June 30, 2022, at 2:00 p.m., 498 cases had been confirmed: 336 in Île-de-France, 44 in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 36 in Occitanie, 27 in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 16 in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, 19 in Hauts-de-France, 8 in Normandy, 4 in Brittany, 4 in Grand Est, 2 in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 1 in Centre-Val de Loire, and 1 in Pays-de-la-Loire (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Confirmed cases of monkeypox (n=498), by region of residence, France, May–June 2022 (data as of 06/30/2022 – 2:00 p.m.)

Figure 1. Cas confirmés de variole du singe (n=498), par région de résidence, France, mai-juin 2022 (données au 30/06/2022 – 14h00)

Among these cases, two new cases involve women, whose source of infection is currently under investigation. This brings to 3 the number of women infected with the monkeypox virus since May 7, 2022, the date of the first case detected in France.

Confirmed adult cases range in age from 19 to 71 years (median age: 35 years).

The dates of symptom onset range from May 7, 2022, to June 27, 2022 (Figure 2). These cases were diagnosed a median of 6 days (ranging from 0 to 22 days) after symptom onset; therefore, data from the last week are not consolidated.

Figure 2. Confirmed cases of monkeypox (n=498), by date of symptom onset, France, May–June 2022 (data as of 06/30/2022 – 2:00 PM)

Figure 2. Cas confirmés de variole du singe (n=498), par date de début des symptômes, France, mai-juin 2022 (données au 30/06/2022 – 14h00)

Among the investigated cases, 78% presented with a genital-anal rash, 73% with a rash on another part of the body, 75% with fever, and 72% with lymphadenopathy. Among the investigated cases, 28 are immunocompromised; no cases have died.

To date, as in other European countries, these cases have occurred predominantly, though not exclusively, among men who have sex with men (MSM), with no direct link to individuals returning from endemic areas. The majority of cases report multiple sexual partners.

Most of the investigated cases report being unable to identify the person who infected them; 94 are secondary cases, meaning they had been in contact with a monkeypox case within three weeks prior to the onset of symptoms.

Among the investigated cases, 125 had traveled, stayed, or worked abroad, primarily in Europe, before the onset of their symptoms, some of them in several different countries. The most frequently cited countries are Spain (54 cases), Belgium (15), Germany (12), Portugal (8), the United Kingdom (7), Switzerland (5), and Morocco (5). These trips do not necessarily constitute the source of infection, and the list of countries cited may change as data is consolidated.

The next update to this report will be released on Tuesday, July 5, 2022.

Given what has been observed in Europe regarding the disease, targeted communication was quickly implemented for men who have sex with men (MSM). The messages remind recipients of the symptoms and what to do if symptoms appear. They are currently being distributed digitally. At the same time, posters, flyers, and fact sheets have been distributed through community organizations, Regional Health Agencies (ARS), and Sexosafe teams on the ground, during Pride parades, and at MSM social venues.

Finally, on the website sexosafe.fr, dedicated to the sexual health of MSM, a summary of current knowledge on the subject and preventive measures is provided.

Prevention efforts are continuously adapted to changes in the situation and the current state of knowledge.

  • Access the documents:

    • Monkeypox Information | Poster

    • Monkeypox Information | Flyer

Given the usual absence of monkeypox in Europe and the lack of reported links between identified cases and a high-risk area, the current European context constitutes a warning and suggests local transmission in Europe. This is why, in France, ongoing surveillance of monkeypox through the mandatory reporting system has been strengthened, and information and alert messages are being sent to healthcare professionals. Discussions are also continuing with other European countries, the WHO, and the ECDC.

What is monkeypox?

Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus. This zoonotic disease is usually transmitted to humans in the forested areas of Central and West Africa by wild rodents or primates, but human-to-human transmission is also possible, particularly within households or in healthcare settings.

How is it transmitted?

The monkeypox virus can be transmitted through direct contact with the skin lesions or mucous membranes of an infected person, as well as through droplets (saliva, sneezing, spittle, etc.). Sexual intercourse, with or without penetration, creates conditions conducive to transmission, and having multiple partners increases the risk of exposure to the virus.

Transmission can also occur through contact with the patient’s environment (bedding, clothing, dishes, bath towels, etc.). It is therefore important for patients to remain in isolation for the entire duration of the illness (until the last scabs have fallen off, usually 3 weeks).

In Central or West Africa, humans can also become infected through contact with animals—wild or captive, dead or alive—such as rodents or monkeys.

Infection with the monkeypox virus is not classified as an STI, but direct contact with broken skin during sexual intercourse facilitates transmission.

What are the symptoms?

Infection with the monkeypox virus can cause a vesicular rash, consisting of fluid-filled blisters that dry out, form scabs, and eventually heal. Itching may occur. The blisters tend to concentrate on the face, the anogenital area, the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet, though they may also appear on the trunk and limbs. The mucous membranes are also affected, particularly in the mouth and genital region. This rash may be accompanied by fever, headache, body aches, and fatigue. Lymph nodes may be swollen and tender under the jaw, in the neck, or in the groin. Sore throat has also been reported.

The incubation period for the disease can range from 5 to 21 days. The fever phase lasts about 1 to 3 days. The disease usually resolves spontaneously after 2 to 3 weeks, but sometimes takes up to 4 weeks.

Is monkeypox serious?

The disease is more severe in children and in immunocompromised individuals. It can lead to complications such as secondary infections of the skin lesions or respiratory, digestive, ophthalmological, or neurological complications.

In Europe, and particularly in France, no deaths have been reported.

See previous updates

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