Introduction Anonymous and free HIV testing clinics (CDAG), due to their accessibility and widespread distribution throughout France, offer the easiest way to get tested, particularly for people living in precarious circumstances or at high risk. This study aimed to describe the population utilizing anonymous HIV testing in France. Materials and Methods A national survey targeting individuals seeking HIV testing at all CDAG sites in France was conducted in October 2004. The questionnaire explored sociodemographic characteristics, use of testing services, HIV-related risk behaviors, and the prevalence of positive HIV test results. Results Among the 273 eligible CDAG sites, 202 (74%) participated in the study, and 5,398 clients were included. They were predominantly male and young, often had multiple sexual partners, and considered themselves to be at higher risk than the general population. People from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounted for 4.5% of clients, a 66% increase compared to the 2000 survey. Reasons for testing varied across client groups. Immigrants from SSA more often cited a reason related to risky sexual behavior, whereas French individuals were more likely to undergo testing as part of a prevention strategy. The prevalence of positive test results was 0.5% and higher among individuals from SSA (4.8%) and men who have sex with men or are bisexual (1.6%). Conclusion The French system of anonymous and free testing appears to be effectively reaching a population at higher risk. It is encouraging to see an increase in the proportion of immigrant clients, particularly those from sub-Saharan Africa, between the two survey periods. The CDAGs represent an opportunity to improve access to testing among migrant populations. The anonymous and free testing program is an essential tool in the fight against HIV infection, and future research must assess the effectiveness of testing and counseling as organized in France, in terms of behavioral changes and, ultimately, prevented transmissions.