Networks of clinicians (RésIST) and laboratories (Rénago, Rénachla, LGV) make it possible to track trends in indicators for bacterial STIs. In 2011, the main findings were as follows:

• the number of recent syphilis cases has been rising over the past three years. This increase has been observed in the Île-de-France region and the rest of mainland France among gay and bisexual men (who account for 83% of cases) seeking care at specialized facilities (Ciddist, CDAG);

• the number of gonococcal infections has continued to rise over the past 10 years among both men and women, regardless of region or sexual orientation. Part of this increase is linked to the increased use of PCR since 2009 in combined chlamydia/gonococcal screening, particularly among women;

• The decline in the susceptibility of gonococcal strains to first-line antibiotics (broad-spectrum cephalosporins) is moderate but warrants continued vigilance. Culture prior to antibiotic therapy remains essential for testing the susceptibility of strains to antibiotics;

• the number of urogenital Chlamydia infections has continued to rise since 2006 among both men and women. This reflects a slight increase in incidence but, more importantly, an increase in screening practices, particularly in CDAGs, which has resulted in a more pronounced rise in asymptomatic infections;

• the number of cases of rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has remained relatively stable since 2008. Nearly all cases involve gay and bisexual men;

• there remains a high level of HIV co-infections with LGV and syphilis, and to a lesser extent with gonorrhea;

• Consistent condom use remains insufficient, particularly during oral sex.