Key points

Syphilis

• In 2015, the number of reported cases of recent syphilis increased by 59% compared to 2013. This increase is particularly pronounced in regions outside the Île-de-France region.

• Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent the most affected population, accounting for 84% of cases reported in 2015. The increase in the number of cases in this population was 56% between 2013 and 2015.

Gonococcal Infections

• The number of gonococcal infections continues to rise (62% between 2013 and 2015). The increase is more pronounced among MSM (+99% over the same period) compared to heterosexuals (+20%). Increases are observed in the Ile-de-France region and in other regions.

• Regarding surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility, no strains resistant to ceftriaxone (the standard treatment) have been isolated since 2011. Nevertheless, continued surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility remains essential.

Chlamydia infections

• A 10% increase in the number of reported Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections was observed between 2013 and 2015, linked to an increase outside the Ile-de-France region. Two-thirds of the cases reported in 2015 were women (64%), mostly aged 15 to 24, which partly reflects the implementation of recommendations for routine screening of young women at dedicated centers.

• The number of cases of rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-L chlamydial proctitis increased in 2015. Nearly all cases involved men who have sex with men (MSM).

HIV/AIDS

• The rate of HIV co-infections remains high among MSM with Chlamydia-associated proctitis (LGV or non-L proctitis), early syphilis, or gonorrhea, reflecting insufficient condom use among HIV-positive MSM.