Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the group most affected by HIV in France. Since 2010, screening guidelines have recommended that sexually active MSM undergo at least one test per year. The objective of this article is to describe the specific characteristics of MSM based on their HIV testing practices and to present the factors associated with non-compliance with screening recommendations. The 2011 Gay and Lesbian Press Survey recruited 10,179 MSM residing in France who had had at least one male partner in their lifetime. Only subjects who answered all questions included in the multivariate analysis were included in the analysis. Among the 7,521 respondents who were HIV-negative and sexually active in the past 12 months, 52% had taken an HIV test in the past 12 months, 34% more than 12 months ago, and 14% had never been tested in their lifetime. Not having been tested in the past 12 months was associated, in multivariate analysis, with both being distanced from the gay community and engaging in less risky sexual behaviors in terms of the number of sexual partners and exposure to infection during anal intercourse. Encouraging MSM who are distant from gay community life to follow recommendations requires a diversification of incentives and screening tools, in which self-testing can serve as a lever. (R.A.)