Background: Neisseria meningitidis is a virulent bacterium that causes outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), which public health authorities may attempt to control through population-based vaccination campaigns. Such campaigns are typically closely monitored. We assess the response to low adherence during a population-based vaccination campaign following an outbreak of meningococcal B:14:P1.7,16. Methods: Between July 2012 and April 2013, six cases, including one fatality, of invasive meningococcal disease associated with N. meningitidis B:14:P1.7,16/ST32 were reported in two neighboring counties. A vaccination campaign with MenBVac® targeting 6,911 residents was implemented. Individuals entering the vaccination schedule starting in January 2014 received 4CMenB. Results: The number of immunized individuals was low, with 1,721 (24.1%) receiving at least one dose out of 5,069 doses administered. However, the incidence of IMD in the area fell dramatically, with only one case of purpura fulminans in June 2014, which had a favorable outcome. The campaign was discontinued after one year, and a two-year monitoring period was implemented through June 2016, during which no new cases were reported. Conclusions: This outbreak likely resolved on its own against the backdrop of a low incidence of serogroup B IMD in France during 2014. Low adherence highlights the growing vaccine hesitancy in France. Similar campaigns will need to be carefully planned and implemented with regard to timing, administration methods, and public outreach.